NACA Animal Control Officers Practice Test

What is the fatal outcome of rabies if untreated?

1. Progressive paralysis

2. Fatal encephalitis

3. Septicemia

4. Renal failure

The correct answer is: Fatal encephalitis

Rabies is a viral disease that primarily affects the central nervous system, leading to severe neurological symptoms and ultimately death if left untreated. The correct answer identifies fatal encephalitis as the primary outcome of rabies. After the onset of symptoms, the virus progresses rapidly, causing inflammation of the brain. This inflammation manifests as encephalitis, where the brain tissues become damaged, leading to a range of neurological complications such as seizures, paralysis, and changes in behavior. Once the neurological symptoms appear, rabies is almost invariably fatal. The disease progresses through stages and can result in symptoms such as hydrophobia (fear of water), hallucinations, and paralysis. As the condition deteriorates, patients may enter a state of coma, ultimately leading to death, often from respiratory failure due to the involvement of the brainstem, where essential life functions are regulated. Understanding the pathophysiology of rabies emphasizes the importance of early intervention with post-exposure prophylaxis, which can prevent the onset of these critical and life-threatening symptoms. The other options reflect conditions that are severe but are not the direct result of rabies infection or its typical progression.